Конца света не будет. Почему экологический алармизм причиняет нам вред - Майкл Шелленбергер

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416

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417

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418

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419

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420

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421

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422

Michael Shellenberger, “Leapfrog or Backfire?” interview with Arthur van Benthem, The Breakthrough Institute, November 18, 2014, https://thebreakthrough.org.

423

Michael Shellenberger, “Leapfrog or Backfire?” interview with Arthur van Benthem, The Breakthrough Institute, November 18, 2014, https://thebreakthrough.org.

424

Michael Shellenberger, “Leapfrog or Backfire?” interview with Arthur van Benthem, The Breakthrough Institute, November 18, 2014, https://thebreakthrough.org.

425

Michael Shellenberger, “Leapfrog or Backfire?” interview with Arthur van Benthem, The Breakthrough Institute, November 18, 2014, https://thebreakthrough.org.

426

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427

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428

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429

Per capita energy data are from the International Energy Agency. Total primary energy supply (TPES) per capita of DRC and Indonesia refer to IEA data from 2017, while US data are for 2018.

430

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431

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432

The Potential Air Quality Impacts from Biomass Combustion, Air Quality Expert Group, 2017, https://uk-air.defra.gov.uk/assets/documents/reports/cat11/1708081027_170807_AQEG_Biomass_report.pdf, 37, 38.

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434

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436

FAO, “Data,” FAOSTAT, accessed January 27, 2020, http://www.fao.org/faostat/en/#data. For hydro, fossil, and nuclear plant area, see Vaclav Smil, Power Density, 210. For land used for agriculture, FAOSTAT reports that 37 percent of the Earth’s landmass, or 41 percent of ice-free landmass, is used for agriculture.

437

Wyoming and Australia produce 15,000 watts of power per square meter compared to just 0.6 watts per square meter for wood fuel from temperate forests. Vaclav Smil, Power Density.

438

The power density of English forests was 0.2 W/m2, of crop residues is 0.05 W/m2, and of Wyoming coal mines is 11,000 W/m2. Vaclav Smil, Power Density.

439

Vaclav Smil, Power Density.

440

Vaclav Smil, Power Density.

441

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442

Vaclav Smil, Power Density.

443

Xiliang Hong et al., “Exergoenvironmental Evaluation for a Coal-Fired Power Plant of Near-Zero Air Pollutant Emission,” Applied Thermal Engineering 128 (January 5, 2018), https://doi.org/10.1016/j.applthermaleng.2017.08.068. Danilo H. D. Rocha et al., “Exergoenvironmental analysis of a ultra-supercritical coal-fired power plant,” Journal of Cleaner Production 231 (September 10, 2019): 671–682, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2019.05.214. Jingwei Chen et al. “Thermodynamic and environmental analysis of integrated supercritical water gasification of coal for power and hydrogen production,” Energy Conversion and Management 198 (October 15, 2019): 1–12, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enconman.2019.111927.

444

David Hosanky, s.v. “Flue gas treatment,” Encyclopedia Britannica, June 27, 2014, accessed January 16, 2020, https://www.britannica.com/technology/flue-gas-treatment.

445

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446

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447

Dani Rodrik, “An African Growth Miracle?” Journal of African Economies 27, no. 1 (December 9, 2016), 10–27, https://doi.org/10.1093/jae/ejw027.

448

Aisha Salaudeen, “Ethiopia’s Garment Workers Make Clothes for Some of the World’s Largest Clothing Brands but Get Paid the Lowest,” CNN, May 13, 2019, https://www.cnn.com.

449

Rodrik, “An African Growth Miracle?”

450

Rodrik, “An African Growth Miracle?”

451

Rodrik, “An African Growth Miracle?”